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1.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 60(5): 540-547, 2022 Aug 31.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36048806

RESUMO

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious health problem. The Mexican adult population has a high prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases that increase the risk of dying from this disease. Objective: To identify comorbidities predicting the risk of mortality at 30 days in hospitalized adult subjects with positive laboratory COVID-19 test and to evaluate the interaction between chronic diseases and gender. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2020, in a western region of the Mexican Pacific. Data from 51,135 hospitalized patients with positive COVID-19 test were analyzed and were retrieved from a normative system for the epidemiological surveillance of viral respiratory diseases (SINOLAVE, according to its initials in Spanish). Death within the first 30 days from hospital admission was the main outcome and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: The overall mortality rate was 49.6% and most of the comorbidities analyzed were associated with a higher risk of death. There were significant interactions between gender and obesity (p = 0.003) and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.019). The effect of obesity on the risk of a fatal outcome varied by gender: female, RR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.07); male, RR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.06-1.09). Conclusions: A high mortality was observed among the hospitalized patients analyzed and statistically significant factors associated with their risk were identified (gender, obesity, and kidney disease).


Introducción: la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es un problema serio de salud. La población adulta mexicana tiene una alta prevalencia de obesidad y de enfermedades crónicas que incrementan el riesgo de morir por esta enfermedad. Objetivo: identificar comorbilidades predictoras del riesgo de mortalidad a 30 días en sujetos adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19 demostrado por laboratorio y evaluar la interacción entre enfermedades crónicas y el género del paciente. Material y métodos: se hizo un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en el 2020, en una región del occidente del pacífico mexicano. Se analizaron los datos de 51,135 pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, los cuales fueron extraídos de un sistema normativo para la vigilancia epidemiológica de enfermedades respiratorias virales (SINOLAVE). La muerte dentro de los primeros 30 días desde la admisión hospitalaria fue el evento principal y fueron estimadas razones de riesgo (RR) con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: la mortalidad global fue del 49.6% y la mayoría de las comorbilidades analizadas se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de muerte. Hubo interacciones significativas entre el género y la obesidad (p = 0.003) y la enfermedad renal crónica (p = 0.019). El efecto de la obesidad sobre el riesgo de un desenlace fatal varió en función del género: mujeres, RR = 1.04 (IC 95% 1.03-1.07); hombres, RR = 1.07 (IC 95% 1.06-1.09). Conclusiones: se observó una alta mortalidad entre los pacientes hospitalizados analizados y se identificaron factores asociados a su riesgo (género, obesidad y enfermedad renal).


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 11(6)2022 Jun 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35740170

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: Empirical antibiotic prescribing in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been common even though bacterial coinfections are infrequent. The overuse of antibacterial agents may accelerate the antibiotic resistance crisis. We aimed to evaluate factors predicting empirical antibiotic prescribing to adult COVID-19 inpatients over 2 years (March 2020-February 2021) in Mexico. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide cohort study was conducted. Hospitalized adults due to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included (n = 214,171). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), computed by using logistic regression models, were used to evaluate factors predicting empirical antibiotic prescribing. Results: The overall frequency of antibiotic usage was 25.3%. In multiple analysis, the highest risk of antibiotic prescription was documented among patients with pneumonia at hospital admission (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 2.16-2.25). Male patients, those with chronic comorbidities (namely obesity and chronic kidney disease) and longer interval days from symptoms onset to healthcare seeking, were also more likely to receive these drugs. We also documented that, per each elapsed week during the study period, the odds of receiving antibiotic therapy decreased by about 2% (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99). Conclusion: Our study identified COVID-19 populations at increased risk of receiving empirical antibiotic therapy during the first two years of the pandemic.

3.
Int J Infect Dis ; 120: 142-145, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35477053

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compare, in a real-world scenario, the protective effect of vaccination and previous laboratory-confirmed symptomatic infection on the risk of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted and 46,998 adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the effect of the evaluated exposures on the risk of pneumonia. RESULTS: In multiple analysis and after adjusting by reinfection status, vaccinated participants were at reduced risk of developing pneumonia (RR = 0.974, 95% CI 0.965-0.983). The association of having had a previous infection was not significant (RR = 1.001, 95% CI 0.969-1.034). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest, and if later replicated, that COVID-19 vaccines provide better protection against pneumonia than previous symptomatic infections. Therefore, offering vaccination to all eligible subjects despite past COVID-19 infections might be relevant to reducing the pandemic-related burden.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pneumonia , Adulto , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Humanos , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Arch Esp Urol ; 74(8): 747-751, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34605414

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The use of a temporaryor permanent catheter is very common in clinical practice. Between 15.0% and 25.0% of hospitalized patients have in-dwelling bladder catheters, the majority of which are short-term. Bladder catheter clamping before catheter removal was generally regarded as useful in the past. Today, its utility is questionable. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between bladder catheter clamping and spontaneous micturition or acute urinary retention (AUR) in postoperative patients with short-term indwelling bladder catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, comparative,longitudinal study was conducted at a secondary care hospital center in a western Mexican state .AUR was the outcome variable. Two study groups wereformed: patients with bladder catheter clamping (n=43) and the control patients with no bladder catheter clamping (n=41). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, and percentage comparisons were made with the chi-squaretest. Significant predictors were subsequently added to the multivariate model. RESULTS: Fourteen percent (n=12) of all the study patients, with and without bladder catheter clamping, presented with AUR and 86% (n=72) did not. In the association analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between presenting with AUR and having or not having bladder catheter clamping (p=0.59). The associations of AUR with bladder re-catheterization (p=0.001), age (p=0.01), and the presence of lower urinary symptoms (p= 0.005) were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Postoperative bladder catheter clamping was not associated with the presence of AUR.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El uso de un catéter urinario temporal o permanente es muy común en la práctica clínica. Entre el 15,0% y el 25,0% de los pacientes hospitalizados tienen catéteres vesicales, la mayoría a corto plazo. Durante mucho tiempo se había considerado a los ejercicios vesicales como una práctica útil antes del retiro de los mismos. En la actualidad su utilidad es muy cuestionable.OBJETIVOS: Determinar la asociación que tienen los ejercicios vesicales sobre la micción espontánea o retención aguda de orina en pacientes postoperados portadores de catéter urinario de corta duración.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio comparativo, longitudinal y descriptivo en un hospital de 2º nivel de un estado de occidente de México. La variablede desenlace fue la retención aguda de orina. Se formaron dos grupos de estudio; con ejercicios vesicales y un grupo control sin ejercicios vesicales 43 sujetos vs- 41 respectivamente. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas descriptivas y a comparación de porcentajes se realizó con la prueba Chi2. Posteriormente se agregaron predictores significativos al modelo multivariable.RESULTADOS: De los pacientes incluidos en el estudio con y sin ejercicios vesicales, 14% (12) presentaron retención aguda de orina (RAO) y 72% (86) no la presentaron. Haciendo un análisis de asociación, no hubo significancia estadística, tener RAO y hacer ejercicios vesicales o no hacerlos (p=0,59). Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa cuando se compararon la recolocación del catéter urinario con RAO p=0,001, la edad con la RAO p=0,01 y la presencia de síntomas irritativos urinarios bajos p=0,005.CONCLUSIÓN: El realizar ejercicios vesicales en los pacientes postoperados no están asociados a la presencia de retención aguda de orina.


Assuntos
Cateteres Urinários , Retenção Urinária , Constrição , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Bexiga Urinária , Cateterismo Urinário , Retenção Urinária/etiologia
5.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(8): 747-751, Oct 28, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219262

RESUMO

Introducción: El uso de un catéterurinario temporal o permanente es muy común en lapráctica clínica. Entre el 15,0% y el 25,0% de los pacientes hospitalizados tienen catéteres vesicales, la mayoría a corto plazo. Durante mucho tiempo se habíaconsiderado a los ejercicios vesicales como una práctica útil antes del retiro de los mismos. En la actualidadsu utilidad es muy cuestionable. Objetivos: Determinar la asociación que tienen losejercicios vesicales sobre la micción espontánea o retención aguda de orina en pacientes postoperados portadores de catéter urinario de corta duración. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio comparativo, longitudinal y descriptivo en un hospital de 2ºnivel de un estado de occidente de México. La variablede desenlace fue la retención aguda de orina. Se formaron dos grupos de estudio; con ejercicios vesicalesy un grupo control sin ejercicios vesicales 43 sujetosvs- 41 respectivamente.Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas descriptivas y a comparación de porcentajes se realizó con la prueba Chi 2.Posteriormente se agregaron predictores significativos almodelo multivariable. Resultados: De los pacientes incluidos en el estudiocon y sin ejercicios vesicales, 14% (12) presentaron retención aguda de orina (RAO) y 72% (86) no la presentaron. Haciendo un análisis de asociación, no hubosignificancia estadística, tener RAO y hacer ejerciciosvesicales o no hacerlos (p=0,59). Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa cuando se compararon larecolocación del catéter urinario con RAO p=0,001, laedad con la RAO p=0,01 y la presencia de síntomasirritativos urinarios bajos p=0,005. Conclusion: El realizar ejercicios vesicales en lospacientes postoperados no están asociados a la presencia de retención aguda de orina.(AU)


Introduction: The use of a temporary or permanent catheter is very common in clinicalpractice. Between 15.0% and 25.0% of hospitalizedpatients have in-dwelling bladder catheters, the majorityof which are short-term. Bladder catheter clamping before catheter removal was generally regarded as usefulin the past. Today, its utility is questionable. Objetive: To determine the association between bladder catheter clamping and spontaneous micturition oracute urinary retention (AUR) in postoperative patientswith short-term indwelling bladder catheter.Materials and methods: A descriptive, comparative, longitudinal study was conducted at a secondary care hospital center in a western Mexican state.AUR was the outcome variable. Two study groups wereformed: patients with bladder catheter clamping (n=43)and the control patients with no bladder catheter clamping (n=41).Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, andpercentage comparisons were made with the chi-squaretest. Significant predictors were subsequently added tothe multivariate model. Results: Fourteen percent (n=12) of all the study patients, with and without bladder catheter clamping,presented with AUR and 86% (n=72) did not. In theassociation analysis, there was no statistically significantdifference between presenting with AUR and having ornot having bladder catheter clamping (p=0.59). Theassociations of AUR with bladder re-catheterization (p=0.001), age (p=0.01), and the presence of lower urinary symptoms (p= 0.005) were statistically significant. Conclusion: Postoperative bladder catheter clamping was not associated with the presence of AUR.(A U)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Período Pós-Operatório , Retenção Urinária , Cateterismo Urinário , Cateteres Urinários , Urologia , Doenças Urológicas , Estudos Longitudinais
6.
Arch Esp Urol ; 74(2): 224-230, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33650537

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are relevant health problems worldwide, especially in men 50 years of age and older. With the increase in life expectancy, their prevalence is expected to rise in the coming years. AIM: To estimate the prevalence of LUTS and ED in adults 50 years of age and older and evaluate their relation to quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytic cross-section-al study was conducted through a personal interview with the participants. Erectile dysfunction (IIEF-5), prostate symptom (IPSS), and quality of life (EuroQoL) questionnaires were employed. The frequency and grade of LUTS and ED were evaluated and correlated with health-related quality of life perception in 300 men above 50 years of age. Summary measures were calculated. The association of LUTS and ED with quality of life was evaluated with prevalence odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Information on 300 subjects was analyzed. The general prevalence of LUTS and ED was 88.3% and 81.7%, respectively. Quality of life was classified as very poor - regular (≤ 60 points) in 18.3% of the subjects. In the multiple analysis, the presence of moderate LUTS (OR = 5.27, 1.08 - 9.73) or severe LUTS (OR = 7.05, 1.84-10.34) was associated with an increase in the possibility of presenting with a lower quality of life. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that erectile dysfunction and prostate symptoms were frequent events in the population studied, as was a low perception of quality of life. The opportune and efficacious treatment of those pathologies can potentially improve the individual and social dynamics of the persons affected.


ANTECEDENTES: A nivel mundial, los Síntomas del Tracto Urinario Inferior (STUI) y la Disfunción Eréctil (DE) son un problema relevante de salud pública, especialmente en varones de 50 o más años. Se espera que con el aumento de la esperanza de vida, su prevalencia se incrementa aún más en los próximos años. OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de los STUI y DE en adultos de 50 años o más de edad y evaluar su relación con la calidad de vida.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico a través de una entrevista personal con los participantes. Se emplearon los cuestionarios de disfunción eréctil (IIEF-5), de síntomas prostáticos (IPSS) y la calidad de vida (EuroQoL). Se evaluó la frecuencia y grados de los Síntomas del Tracto Urinario Inferior y Disfunción Eréctil y se correlacionó con la percepción de Calidad de Vida relacionada a la salud en 300 varones mayores de 50 años. Se estimaron medidas sumarias. La asociación de STUI y DE con la calidad de vida fue evaluada con razones de momios (RM) prevalentes e intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% estimados con modelos de regresión logística no condicional. RESULTADOS: Información de 300 sujetos fue analizada. La prevalencia general de STUI y DE fue 88,3% y 81,7% respectivamente. El 18,3% de los sujetos fueron clasificados como con una calidad de vida muy mala ­ regular (≤ 60 puntos). En el análisis múltiple, la presencia de STUI moderados (RM = 5,27, 1,08 ­ 9,73) o severos (RM = 7,05, 1,84 -10,34) se asoció con un incremento en la posibilidad de presentar una menor calidad de vida.CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la disfunción eréctil y los síntomas prostáticos son eventos frecuentes en la población estudiada, al igual que una baja percepción de la calidad de vida. La atención oportuna y eficaz de estas patologías puede potencialmente mejorar la dinámica individual y social de los sujetos afectados.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior , Hiperplasia Prostática , Adulto , Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/epidemiologia , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(2): 224-230, mar. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202662

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: A nivel mundial, los Síntomas del Tracto Urinario Inferior (STUI) y la Disfunción Eréctil (DE) son un problema relevante de salud pública, especialmente en varones de 50 o más años. Se espera que con el aumento de la esperanza de vida, su prevalencia se incrementa aún más en los próximos años. OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de los STUI y DE en adultos de 50 años o más de edad y evaluar su relación con la calidad de vida. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico a través de una entrevista personal con los participantes. Se emplearon los cuestionarios de disfunción eréctil (IIEF-5), de síntomas prostáticos (IPSS) y la calidad de vida (EuroQoL). Se evaluó la frecuencia y grados de los Síntomas del Tracto Urinario Inferior y Disfunción Eréctil y se correlacionó con la percepción de Calidad de Vida relacionada a la salud en 300 varones mayores de 50 años. Se estimaron medidas sumarias. La asociación de STUI y DE con la calidad de vida fue evaluada con razones de momios (RM) prevalentes e intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% estimados con modelos de regresión logística no condicional. RESULTADOS: Información de 300 sujetos fue analizada. La prevalencia general de STUI y DE fue 88,3% y 81,7% respectivamente. El 18,3% de los sujetos fueron clasificados como con una calidad de vida muy mala – regular (≤ 60 puntos). En el análisis múltiple, la presencia de STUI moderados (RM = 5,27, 1,08 – 9,73) o severos (RM = 7,05, 1,84 -10,34) se asoció con un incremento en la posibilidad de presentar una menor calidad de vida. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la disfunción eréctil y los síntomas prostáticos son eventos frecuentes en la población estudiada, al igual que una baja percepción de la calidad de vida. La atención oportuna y eficaz de estas patologías puede potencialmente mejorar la dinámica individual y social de los sujetos afectados


BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are relevant health problems worldwide, especially in men 50 years of age and older. With the increase in life expectancy, their prevalence is expected to rise in the coming years. AIM: To estimate the prevalence of LUTS and ED in adults 50 years of age and older and evaluate their relation to quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted through a personal interview with the participants. Erectile dysfunction (IIEF-5), prostate symptom (IPSS), and quality of life (EuroQoL) questionnaires were employed. The frequency and grade of LUTS and ED were evaluated and correlated with health-related quality of life perception in 300 men above 50 years of age. Summary measures were calculated. The association of LUTS and ED with quality of life was evaluated with prevalence odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Information on 300 subjects was analyzed. The general prevalence of LUTS and ED was 88.3% and 81.7%, respectively. Quality of life was classified as very poor – regular (≤60 points) in 18.3% of the subjects. In the multiple analysis, the presence of moderate LUTS (OR = 5.27, 1.08 – 9.73) or severe LUTS (OR = 7.05, 1.84-10.34) was associated with an increase in the possibility of presenting with a lower quality of life. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that erectile dysfunction and prostate symptoms were frequent events in the population studied, as was a low perception of quality of life. The opportune and efficacious treatment of those pathologies can potentially improve the individual and social dynamics of the persons affected


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Disfunção Erétil/fisiopatologia , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , México/epidemiologia
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